„The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General”, 2006; Jednym z ważniejszych wniosków Raportu Amerykańskiego Stowarzyszenia Chirurgów jest: „Ekspozycja na bierne palenie powoduje choroby i wcześniejszą śmierć u dzieci i dorosłych, którzy nie palą.”.California Environmental Protection Agency: Air Resources Board, „Proposed Identification of Environmental Tobacco Smoke as a Toxic Air Contaminant” (June 24, 2005); on January 26, 2006, the Air Resources Board, following a lengthy review and public outreach process, determined ETS to be a Toxic Air Contaminant (TAC).; the evaluation of the Monograph is: „There is sufficient evidence that involuntary smoking (exposure to secondhand or ‘environmental’ tobacco smoke) causes lung cancer in humans. [...] Involuntary smoking (exposure to secondhand or ‘environmental’ tobacco smoke) is carcinogenic to humans (Group 1).”..