Praca dyplomowa i doktorat 1973–1974 – praca licencjacka na Wydziale Psychologii pod kierunkiem Davida Bohra (University of Michigan) na temat: Contractility of vascular smooth muscle in an in vitro system (undergraduate research project) 1980–1986 – praca dyplomowa w Department of Neurological Surgery pod kierunkiem Philipa A. Schwartzkroina (University of Washington) na temat: Intracellular recording in hippocampal slice preparation; analysis of cellular mechanisms underlying long-term potentiation in hippocampus; development of GABAergic responses in the rabbit; synaptic circuitry of the hippocampus, a następnie doktorat w ramach programu Physiology & Biophysics and Psychology.
Studia podoktoranckie 1986–1988 – SUNY, Downstate Medical Center (Brooklyn, NY, zob. LICH), temat badań: Chronic unit recording in freely moving rats; spatial and behavioral correlates of neurons in the postsubiculum and hippocampal formation; anatomical studies (using HRP and PHA-L) of the pre- and postsubiculum, opiekun naukowy: James B. Ranck Jr. 1988–1990 – University of California, temat badań: Intracellular recording from neurons in subiculum; intrinsic circuitry of subiculum;