Benedict Richard O'Gorman Anderson (født 26. august 1936, død 13. december 2015) britisk historiker og samfundsforsker. Han var professor emeritus i internationale studier ved Cornell University. I sit hovedværk Imagined Communities (Forestillede fællesskaber) fra 1983 undersøger han, hvordan det nationale fællesskab er opstået og bindes sammen. Hovedtesen i værket er at nationer er sociale konstruktioner, og ikke, som såkaldte essentialister hævder, bygger på et iboende kulturelt råmateriale.
Udvalgt bibliografi Some Aspects of Indonesian Politics under the Japanese Occupation: 1944–1945 (1961) Mythology and the Tolerance of the Javanese (1965) Java in a Time of Revolution; Occupation and Resistance, 1944–1946 (1972) With Ruth T. McVey. "Withdrawal Symptoms" (1976), his most influential work in Thailand, Religion and Social Ethos in Indonesia (1977) Interpreting Indonesian Politics: Thirteen Contributions to the Debate (1982) Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (1983) In the Mirror: Literature and Politics in Siam in the American Era (1985) Language and Power: Exploring Political Cultures in Indonesia (1990) The Spectre of Comparisons: Nationalism, Southeast Asia, and the World (1998)
Violence and the State in Suharto's Indonesia (2001) Western Nationalism and Eastern Nationalism: Is there a difference that matters? (2001) Debating World Literature (2004)
Under Three Flags: Anarchism and the Anti-Colonial Imagination (2005) The Fate of Rural Hell: Asceticism and Desire in Buddhist Thailand (2012) A Life Beyond Boundaries: A Memoir (2016)
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