De Havilland Mosquito

De Havilland DH.98 Mosquito ("Komar") je bil britanski dvomotorni večnamenski bombnik / lovec 2. svetovne vojne. Zaradi velike hitrosti in lesene konstrukcije je dobil vzdevek "leseni čudež" (The Wooden Wonder). Ker je bil zgrajen večinoma iz lesa, ga je bilo težko zaznati z radarjem. Tako je bil nekakšen predhodnik današnjih za radarje nevidnih ("stealth") letal. Med posadkami se je uveljavil tudi vzdevek "Mossie".Hanson, Dave. "deHavilland DH 98 Mosquito." warbirdalley.com. Retrieved: 21 August 2011.

Zasnovan je bil kot neoborožen hitri bombnik, pozneje so ga začeli uporabljati tudi kot taktični bombnik, lovski bombnik, nočni bombnik, nočno lovsko letalo, jurišno letalo, izvidiniško letalo, sledilno letalo (pathfinder) in fotografsko letalo. Zaradi velike hitrosti, ki je bila povsem primerljiva z lovci tedanjega časa, ga je bilo skorajda nemogoče prestreči. Uporabljala ga je tudi britanska letalska družba British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) za hiter prevoz pomembnih tovorov in tudi oseb. Tako so 6. oktobra 1943 z Mosquitom iz Stockholma na Švedskem preko Norveške na Škotsko (v bombniškem jašku) prepeljali danskega jedrskega fizika Nielsa Bohra (NN 1922). Čez nekaj dni pa na enak način še njegovega sina Aageja Bohra, študenta fizike (NN 1975). Oba sta pozneje sodelovala v 'Projektu Manhattan''' (atomska bomba) v ZDA.RAF je imel posebne, zelo specializirane enote Mosquitov, ki so bile izredno izvežbane v natančnih bombardiranjih. Dve od takih sta bila 138. in 140. polk. Ti t. i. "pin-point" napadi so bili tako natančni, da so bombe in/ali rakete lahko zadevale že vnaprej točno določene dele stavb ali druge cilje. Zelo odmeven je bil napad na nacistični zapor pri Amiensu v Franciji 18. februarja 1944. To operacijo, imenovano "Jericho", sta izpeljali 464. avstralska skupina in 487. novozelandska skupina 140. bombniškega polka. Iz zapora je tako lahko ušlo veliko vidnih poveljnikov in članov francoskega odpora, ki bi bili drugače kmalu ustreljeni. Opremljeni z osmimi nevodenimi 3" raketami pod krili so zelo uspešno napadali nemške vojne ladje, tankerje in podmornice na gladini (med prečrpavanjem goriva, nalaganjem torpedov, hrane, vode, menjavo posadke, izkrcevanjem ranjencev ali bolnikov) ali pa nemške vojaške vlake, cestne transporte, ceste, železniške proge in križišča ter postaje, mostove, letališča, rafinerije, strateške tovarne itn.

Izdelovati so ga začeli leta 1941. Poganjala sta ga dva motorja Rolls-Royce Merlin.

V zraku je bil lahko prepoznaven po repnem smernem krmilu, ki je imelo obliko hrbtne plavuti morskega psa. Tako kot Spitfira in Westland Whirlwinda, ga odlikuje čudovita aerodinamična oblika. Nič čudnega, saj je ravno konstruktor Mosquita dejal: "Letalo čudne oblike lahko čisto spodobno leti, lepo oblikovano letalo pa zmeraj lepo leti!". Zakoni aerodinamike so neizprosni.

Z izdelavo Mosquita se je v letalstvu začela uporaba lepil, kar je danes povsem običajen postopek.

Njegov (malo manjši, enosedi in še veliko hitrejši) naslednik je bil De Havilland DH.103 Hornet (Sršen).

sličica

Uporabniki

Tehnične specifikacije DH.98 Mosquito F Mk II Lovska verzija

DH.98 Mosquito B Mk XVI Bombniška verzija

Glej tudi de Havilland Hornet/Sea Hornet Bristol Beaufighter Douglas A-26 Invader Heinkel He 219 Junkers Ju 88 Messerschmitt Me 410 Napadavo Mosquitov na Oslo Operacija Jericho, uničenje zidov zapora za osvoboditev francoskih ujetnikov Operacija Kartagina

Sklici in reference

Bibliografija Air Ministry. Pilot's Notes For Mosquito B IV. London: 1943. A.P.2019D-PN. Air Ministry. Pilot's Notes For Mosquito, Marks VIII and IX, Mark XVI. London: 1944. A.P.2653A, B, F, H & J-PN. Air Ministry. Pilot's Notes For Mosquito FB 6. London: 1945. ISBN 978-0-85979-020-8. Air Ministry. Pilot's Notes For Mosquito NF 38. London: 1945. ISBN 978-0-85979-075-8. Batchelor, John and Malcolm Low. de Havilland Mosquito Manual (Plane Essentials). Victoria, Australia: Publishing Solutions, 2008. ISBN 978-1-906589-00-4. Bird, Andrew. A Separate Litte War. London, UK: Grub Street, 2003. ISBN 1-904010-43-1. Bishop, Edward. The Wooden Wonder. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd., 3rd edition 1995. ISBN 1-85310-708-5. Boog, Horst, Gerhard Krebs and Detlef Vogel. Germany and the Second World War: Volume VII: The Strategic Air War in Europe and the War in the West and East Asia, 1943-1944/5. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 2006. ISBN 978-0-19822-889-9. Bowman, Martin. de Havilland Mosquito (Crowood Aviation series). Ramsbury, Marlborough, Wiltshire, UK: The Crowood Press, 2005. ISBN 1-86126-736-3.* Bowman, Martin. Mosquito Bomber/Fighter-bomber Units 1942-45. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, 1997. ISBN 1-85532-690-6. Bowman, Martin. Mosquito Fighter/Fighter-bomber Units of World War 2. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, 1998. ISBN 1-85532-731-7. Bowman, Martin. Mosquito Photo-Reconnaissance Units of World War 2. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, 1999. ISBN 1-85532-891-7. Bowyer, Chaz. Mosquito at War. Shepperton, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan Ltd., 4th impression 1979. ISBN 0-7110-0474-9. Bowyer, Michael J.F., Bryan Philpott and Stuart Howe. Mosquito (Classic Aircraft No. 7: Their History and How to Model Them). Cambridge, UK: Patrick Stephens Ltd., 1980. ISBN 0-85059-432-4. Bridgman, Leonard, ed. “The D.H.98 Mosquito.” Jane’s Fighting Aircraft of World War II. London: Studio, 1946. ISBN 1-85170-493-0.

Caldwell, Donald L. and Richard Muller. The Luftwaffe Over Germany: Defense of the Reich . London: Greenhill MBI Publishing Company, 2007. ISBN 1-85367-712-4 Cole, Roger. High Wycombe - Local History Series. Stroud, Gloucestershire, UK: Tempus Publishing Ltd., 2001. ISBN 0-7524-2290-1.

Miracle, Daniel B. and Steven L. Donaldson. ASM Handbook: Composites. Cleveland, Ohio: ASM International, 2001. ISBN 0-87170-703-9. Mujumdar, A. S. Drying '92: Proceedings of the 8th International Drying Symposium. Toronto: Elsevier, 1992. ISBN 0-444-89393-8. Rhodes, Tom. Stress Without Tears. Jacobs Publishing, 1st edition 1 December 2008. ISBN 978-1-4392-0717-8. Scott, Stuart R. "Mosquito Thunder: No. 105 Squadron RAF at war 1942-5.” Sutton Publishing, Stroud, Gloucestershire, UK, 1999. ISBN 0-7509-1800-4. Scutts, Jerry. Mosquito in Action, Part 2. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications Inc., 1993. ISBN 0-89747-303-5. Sharp, C. Martin and Michael J.F. Bowyer. Mosquito. London: Faber & Faber, 1971. ISBN 0-571-04750-5. Sharp, C. Martin and Michael J.F. Bowyer. Mosquito (2nd ed.). Manchester, UK: Crécy Books Ltd, 1995. ISBN 0-947554-41-6. Simons, Graham M. Mosquito: The Original Multi-Role Combat Aircraft. Barnsley, Yorkshire, UK: Pen & Sword, 2011. ISBN 978-18488-442-61 Streetly, Martin. "The Aircraft of 100 Group: Part 14. DH Mosquito, Internal Detail". Scale Models, Volume 12, Issue 139, April 1981. Stroud, John. "Wings of Peace:- de Havilland Albatross." Aeroplane Monthly,, Volume 18, Issue 206, June 1990. Thirsk, Ian.de Havilland Mosquito: An Illustrated History Volume 2. Manchester, UK: Crécy Publishing Limited, 2006. ISBN 0-85979-115-7. Thomas, Geoffrey J. and Barry Ketely. KG 200: The Luftwaffe's Most Secret Unit. Tokyo: Hikoki Publications, 2003. ISBN 1-902109-33-3. Birtles, Philip. Mosquito: A Pictorial History of the DH98. London: Jane's Publishing Company Ltd., 1980. ISBN 0-531-03714-2. Boiten, Theo. Nachtjagd: the night fighter versus bomber war over the Third Reich, 1939-45. Crowood Press Ltd, 1997 London. ISBN 978-1861260864 Gilman J.D. and J. Clive. KG 200. London: Pan Books Ltd., 1978. ISBN 0-85177-819-4. Hardy, M.J. The de Havilland Mosquito. Devon, UK/New York: David & Charles (Publishers) Ltd./Arco Publishing, 1977. ISBN 0-7153-7367-6, (David & Charles) ISBN 0-668-04051-3 (Arco). Hinchcliffe, Peter. The Other Battle: Luftwaffe Night Aces vs Bomber Command. London: Zenith Press, 1996. ISBN 0-7603-0265-0. Holliday, Joe. Mosquito! The Wooden Wonder Aircraft of World War II. Toronto: Doubleday, 1970. ISBN 0-7701-0138-0. Howe, Stuart. Mosquito Portfolio. London: Ian Allan Ltd., 1984. ISBN 0-7110-1406-X. Jackson, Robert. de Havilland Mosquito (Combat Legend). Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd., 2003. ISBN 1-84037-358-X. Jones, R.C. de Havilland Mosquito: RAF Northern Europe 1936-45. London: Ducimus Books Ltd., 1970. Mason, Francis K. and Richard Ward. De Havilland Mosquito in RAF-FAA-RAAF-SAAF-RNZAF-RCAF-USAAF-French & Foreign Service. Canterbury, Kent, UK: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 1972. ISBN 0-85045-043-8. McKee, Alexander. The Mosquito Log. London: Souvenir Press Ltd., 1988. ISBN 0-285-62838-0.

Price, Nigel (ed.). "Mosquito: A Celebration of de Havilland's 'Wooden Wonder'." FlyPast Special. Stamford, Lincolnshire, UK: Key Publishing Ltd., 2009. Radinger, Will and Walter Schick. Me262 (German lang. ed.), Berlin: Avantic Verlag GmbH, 1996. ISBN 3-925505-21-0. Sasbye, Kjeld Mahler. Operation Carthage. Copenhagen: Den Danske Luftfartsskole, 1994. ISBN 87-985141-0-5.

Scutts, Jerry. Mosquito in Action, Part 1. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications Inc., 1993. ISBN 0-89747-285-3. Shacklady, Edward. De Havilland Mosquito (Classic WWII Aviation, Volume 6). Bristol, UK: Cerberus Publishing Ltd., 2003. ISBN 1-84145-108-8. Stanley, Colonel Roy M. II, USAF (Ret). V-Weapons Hunt: Defeating German Secret Weapons. Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Pen & Sword, 2010. ISBN 978-1-84884-259-5. Sweetman, Bill and Rikyu Watanabe. Mosquito. London: Jane's Publishing Company Ltd., 1981. ISBN 0-7106-0131-X.

Zunanje povezave

Manual: (1950) AP 2019E-P.N. Pilot's Notes Mosquito FB6 The Mosquito Page at Mossie.org de Havilland Aircraft Heritage Centre aka Mosquito Aircraft Museum Calgary Mosquito Aircraft Preservation Association

Victoria Air Maintenance Ltd. Restoring a Mosquito to flying condition The People's Mosquito Ltd. Restoring RL249 to flying condition. Website features WW2 colour film of the Mosquito de Havilland Mosquito magazine articles and publications Data at Warbirdregistry.org Mosquito restoration project New Zealand (633 Squadron theme) Retrieved: 3 January 2012. Wartime film of the construction of the Mosquito in Australia Retrieved: 3 January 2012. "Flying Plywood With A Sting": Popular Science article, December 1943 U-Tube footage of Coastal Command Mosquito XVIIIs Retrieved: 3 January 2012. A close-up picture of the nose of a Tsetse Mosquito FB Mk XVIII showing the Molins 57 mm gun muzzle A photograph of the Tsetse Mosquito FB Mk XVIII NT225 "Mosquito Wars on U-Boats With 6-pound Shells.": Popular Mechanics article, February 1945, p. 39. Mosquito Pathfinders, Pathfinder Museum 627 Squadron RAF Mosquito Pathfinders Based at RAF Woodall Spa Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB) report on the crash of T.III G-ASKH, 1996 IWM Image of Mosquito PR34 RG241, which holds the twin piston-engine Atlantic crossing record. [http://www.archive.org/details/gov.archives.arc.38937 "America Reports On Aid To Allies etc. (1942)." Universal Newsreel "Mosquito Makes Base" a 1943 Flight article on a Mosquito Intruder's battle damage "'Pin-Point' Attack On One House by Mosquitoes" a 1944 Flight advertisement "The Magnificent Mosquito" a 1969 Flight'' article by Air Comodr. Allen Wheeler

Kategorija:Letala de Havilland Kategorija:Propelerska letala Kategorija:Nočni lovci druge svetovne vojne Kategorija:Britanski bombniki druge svetovne vojne