Gaza () je manjše palestinsko ozemlje pod lastno upravoJames Kraska, 'Rule Selection in the Case of Israel's Blockade of Gaza:Law of Naval Warfare or Law of Sea?,' in M.N. Schmitt, Louise Arimatsu, Tim McCormack (eds.,) Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law, Springer Science & Business Media, 2011 pp.367-395, p.387:'There are no Israeli troops in Gaza, which everybody regards as a self-governing enclave cut from the Middle East.' na vzhodni obali Sredozemskega morja, ki meji na Egipt na jugozahodu in Izrael na vzhodu in severu. Gaza skupaj z Zahodnim bregom tvori Palestinska ozemlja, del načrtovane prihodnje države Palestine. Gazo in Zahodni breg deli izraelsko ozemlje. Od junija 2006 je Gaza pod upravo Hamasa, palestinske islamske organizacije,Tristan Dunning, Hamas, Jihad and Popular Legitimacy: Reinterpreting Resistance in Palestine, Routledge, 2016 p.212:'Since taking sole control of Gaza in June 2007, Hamas has proven itself to be a remarkably resilient and resourceful government entity. The movement has clearly entrenched itself as the hegemonic power in the coastal enclave to such an extent that the International Crisis Group contends that the power struggle in Gaza is no longer between Hamas and Fatah. Rather the main source of confrontation is between Hamas and other more hardline Islamists and salafists. . . Hamas has been far more successful in an administrative sense than the Palestinian Authority in the West Bank, despite having access to only a fraction of the resources.' ki je prevzela oblast po zmagi na volitvah leta 2006. Takrat sta Izrael in ZDA proti Gazi uvedla mednarodni ekonomski in politični bojkot.Sara Roy, Hamas and Civil Society in Gaza: Engaging the Islamist Social Sector, Princeton University Press, 2013 p.41:'Hamas's democratic victory, however, was short-lived . .followed as it was in June 2006 by an Israeli and U.S.-led international political and economic boycott of the new Palestinian government. The boycott amounted to a form of collective punishment against the entire Palestinian population and, to my knowledge, was the first time in the history of the conflict that the international community imposed sanctions on the occupied rather than the occupier.'
Ozemlje Gaze je dolgo 41 km in široko 6 do 12 km, s skupno površino 365 km².Gaza Strip Entry at the CIA World Factbook Z 2,37 milijona prebivalcev je tretje najgosteje poseljena politična enota na svetu.Thomas E. Copeland, Drawing a Line in the Sea: The Gaza Flotilla Incident and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, Lexington Books, 2011 p.25Doug Suisman, Steven Simon, Glenn Robinson, C. Ross Anthony, Michael Schoenbaum (eds.) The Arc: A Formal Structure for a Palestinian State, Rand Corporation, 2007 p.79 Zaradi velikega izraelskega tamponskega območja je precejšen del Gaze nedostopen za prebivalce.Hilmi S.Salem, 'Social, Environmental and Security Impacts of Climate Change on the Eastern Mediterranean,' in Hans Günter Brauch, Úrsula Oswald Spring, Czeslaw Mesjasz, John Grin, Patricia Kameri-Mbote, Béchir Chourou, Pál Dunay, Joern Birkmann(eds.), Coping with Global Environmental Change, Disasters and Security: Threats, Challenges, Vulnerabilities and Risks, Springer Science & Business Media, 2011 pp.421-445 p.431. Z naravnim prirastom prebivalstva 2,91 % (ocena leta 2014) je trinajsta na svetu in pogosto označena za prenaseljeno.The Palestinians: In Search of a Just Peace - Page 52, Cheryl Rubenberg - 2003 Zaradi izraelsko-egiptovske blokade prebivalci ne smejo prosto zapustiti Gaze ali vstopiti vanjo, prepovedana sta tudi izvoz in uvoz izdelkov. Večina prebivalstva Gaze predstavljajo suniti.
Kljub izraelskemu umiku iz Gaze leta 2005 Združeni narodi, mednarodne organizacije za človekove pravice ter večina državnikov in pravnikov označuje, da je Gaza še vedno pod izraelsko okupacijo, ki jo podpira tudi Egipt z omejitvami prebivalcev. Izrael tako ohranja neposreden nadzor nad Gazo od zunaj in posredni nadzor nad življenjem v Gazi: nadzira zračni in pomorski prostor Gaze ter šest od sedmih mejnih prehodov Gaze na kopnem. Hkrati si jemlje pravico, da vstopi v Gazo z vojsko in ohranja tamponska območja znotraj ozemlja Gaze, ki je od Izraela odvisna na področnih oskrbe z vodo, elektriko, telekomunikacij in ostalih komunalnih storitev.
Po zmagi Hamasa na volitvah leta 2006 se je Fatah odrekel sodelovanju v koaliciji, dokler ni Saudova Arabija izpogajala vlade narodne enotnosti. Ko je ta pod skupnim pritiskom Izraela in ZDA junija 2007 razpadla, je palestinski svet prevzel upravo Zahodnega brega, Hamas pa upravljanje Gaze.Dennis J. Deeb II, Israel, Palestine, & the Quest for Middle East Peace, University Press of America, 2013. Izrael in Višegrajska skupina sta na to odgovorila z dodatnimi gospodarskimi sankcijami proti Hamasu. V Gazi je med Hamasom in Fatahom izbruhnil kratek spopad za nadzor nad ozemljem, pri čemer so sodelovale ZDA, toda Hamas je ostal na oblasti ter izgnal člane Fataha in PA iz upraveDavid Rose, 'The Gaza Bombshell,' Vanity Fair April,2008.'The plan was for forces led by Dahlan, and armed with new weapons supplied at America’s behest, to give Fatah the muscle it needed to remove the democratically elected Hamas-led government from power. . But the secret plan backfired, resulting in a further setback for American foreign policy under Bush. Instead of driving its enemies out of power, the U.S.-backed Fatah fighters inadvertently provoked Hamas to seize total control of Gaza.'Sara Roy, Hamas and Civil Society in Gaza, p.45.' Dahlan, who was supported by U.S. officials, has been a bitter enemy of Hamas since his 1996 crackdown on the movement. He consistently refused to accept the Palestinian unity government brokered by the Saudi government in the Mecca Agreement "and made his opposition intolerable to Hamas when he refused to subject the security forces under his command, armed and trained by the U.S., to the legitimate Palestinian unity government as agreed between Hamas and Fatah." Alistair Crooke, a former Middle East adviser to the EU foreign policy chief Javier Solana, similarly observed, "Dahlan refused to deal with (the independent interior minister appointed to the unity government), and put his troops on the streets in defiance of the interior minister. Hamas felt that they had little option but to take control of security away from forces which were in fact creating insecurity." Hence, Hamas was not attempting a coup against the government or the Fatah organization as a whole but also against Dahlan's U.S.-funded militia (and individual Fatah loyalists it blamed for the murder of Hamas members).' ter ostaja na čelu Gaze.
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Kategorija:Palestina