Raspberry Pi (RPi) je mikroračunalnik v velikosti kreditne kartice, ki so ga razvili v Združenem Kraljestvu, za Raspberry Pi Fundacijo, ki spodbuja poučevanja osnov računalništva v šolah in v državah v razvoju. Izvirni model je postal precej bolj priljubljen, kot so pričakovali, prodajali so ga tudi za namene, ki jih niso pričakovali. Obstajajo tudi kompleti, ki vključujejo dodatke, kot so miška, tipkovnica in kabli.
Glede na Raspberry Pi Fundacijo so prodali več kot 10 milijonov Raspberry Pi do aprila 2016, zaradi česar je najbolje prodajani Britanski računalnik.
Pregled Obstaja več generacij računalnika Raspbery Pi. Prva generacija (Raspberry Pi 1 model B) je izšla v februarju 2012. Sledil je enostavnejši in cenovno ugoden model model A. V letu 2014, je fundacija izdala računalnik z izboljšano zasnovo v Raspberry Pi 1 model B+. Raspberry Pi računalniški modul je izšel v aprilu 2014. Raspberry Pi Zero z manjšo velikost in z manj vhodno/izhodnih (GPIO) priključkov, ki je bil izdan v novembru leta 2015 za $5. Pri Raspberry Pi 2 so dodali več RAM-a je in bil izdan februarja 2015. Raspberry Pi 3 Model B, ki so ga izdali v februarju leta 2016 ima vgrajen WiFi in Bluetooth. Najnovejši računalnik je Raspberry Pi Zero W z vgrajenim WiFi in Bluetooth. Izšel je 28. februarja 2017 in stane $10.
Omrežja Model A, A+ in Pi Zero nimajo Ethernet priključka in so z omrežjem povezani z uporabo zunanjega priključka USB. imata Ethernet vmesnik na čipu LAN9514. Raspberry Pi 3 in Raspberry Pi Zero W sta opremljena z 2,4 GHz WiFi 802.11n in Bluetooth 4.1 poleg 10/100 Ethernet vmesnika.
Specifikacije Tip Model A Model B Compute Module* Zero Generacija 1 1 + 1 1 + 2 2 ver 1.2 3 1 3 3 lite PCB ver 1.2 PCB ver 1.3 W (Wireless) Datum izdaje Februar 2013 November 2014 April–Junij 2012 Julij 2014 Februar 2015 Oktober 2016http://www.farnell.com/datasheets/2163186.pdf?_ga=1.9528053.1789915275.1482632652 Februar 2016 April 2014 Januar 2017 November 2015Mak 2016 28 Februar 2017 Cena US$25 US$20 US$35 US$25 US$35 US$35 US$35 US$30 (v paketih po 100) $30 $25 US$5US$5US$10 Arhitektura ARMv6Z (32-bit) ARMv7-A (32-bit) ARMv8-A (64/32-bit) ARMv6Z (32-bit) ARMv8-A (64/32-bit) ARMv6Z (32-bit) SoC Broadcom BCM2835 Broadcom BCM2836 Broadcom BCM2837 Broadcom BCM2835 Broadcom BCM2837 Broadcom BCM2835 CPU 700 MHz single-core ARM1176JZF-S 900 MHz 32-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A7 900 MHz 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 1.2 GHz 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 700 MHz single-core ARM1176JZF-S 1.2 GHz 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 1 GHz single-core ARM1176JZF-S GPU Broadcom VideoCore IV @ (BCM2837: 3D part of GPU @ , video part of GPU @ )OpenGL ES 2.0 (BCM2835, BCM2836: 24 GFLOPS / BCM2837: 28.8 GFLOPS)MPEG-2 and VC-1 (with license), 1080p30 H.264/MPEG-4 AVC high-profile decoder and encoder (BCM2837: 1080p60) Pomnilnik (SDRAM) 256 MB (deljeno s GPU) 512 MB (deljeno s GPU) od 4. maja 2016. Starejši računalniki imajo 256 MB (deljeno s GPU) 1 GB (deljeno s GPU) 512 MB (deljeno s GPU) 1 GB (deljeno s GPU) 512 MB (deljeno s GPU) USB 2.0 priključki 1 2) 4 1 1 1 Micro-USB Video vhod 15-pin MIPI camera interface (CSI) connector, za Raspberry Pi camera ali Raspberry Pi NoIR camera 2× MIPI CSIBrezMIPI CSI (rev 1.3)MIPI CSI Video izhodi HDMI (rev 1.3) composite video (RCA jack), MIPI display interface (DSI) for raw LCD panels HDMI (rev 1.3), composite video (3.5 mm TRRS jack), MIPI display interface (DSI) for raw LCD panels HDMI (rev 1.3), composite video (RCA jack), MIPI display interface (DSI) for raw LCD panels HDMI (rev 1.3), composite video (3.5 mm TRRS jack), MIPI display interface (DSI) for raw LCD panelsHDMI, 2× MIPI display interface (DSI) for raw LCD panels, composite video Mini-HDMI, 1080p60, composite video via marked points on PCB for optional header pins Audio vhodi As of revision 2 boards via I²S Audio izhodi Analog via 3.5 mm phone jack; digital via HDMI and, as of revision 2 boards, I²S Analog, HDMI, I²S Mini-HDMI, stereo audio through PWM on GPIO Vgrajeni pomnilnik SD, MMC, SDIO card slot (3.3 V with card power only) MicroSDHC slot SD, MMC, SDIO card slot MicroSDHC slot MicroSDHC slot, USB Boot Modehttps://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/bootmodes/msd.md 4 GB eMMC flash memory chip MicroSDHC Vgrajeni omrežni priključek None 10/100 Mbit/s Ethernet (8P8C) USB adapter on the USB hub 10/100 Mbit/s Ethernet,802.11n wireless,Bluetooth 4.1None802.11n wireless,Bluetooth 4.1 Perferije 8× GPIOMore GPIOs can be used if the low level peripherals are unused plus the following, which can also be used as GPIO: UART, I²C bus, SPI bus with two chip selects, I²S audioSince the release of the revision 2 model +3.3 V, +5 V, ground 17× GPIO plus the same specific functions, and HAT ID bus 8× GPIO plus the following, which can also be used as GPIO: UART, I²C bus, SPI bus with two chip selects, I²S audio +3.3 V, +5 V, ground. An additional 4× GPIO are available on the P5 pad if the user is willing to make solder connections 17× GPIO plus the same specific functions, and HAT ID bus 46× GPIO, some of which can be used for specific functions including I²C, SPI, UART, PCM, PWM 40× GPIO ("unpopulated header") Poraba energije 300 mA (1.5 W) 200 mA (1 W) 700 mA (3.5 W) 600 mA (3.0 W) 800 mA (4.0 W) 200 mA (1 W) 700mA (3.5 W) ~160 mA (0.8 W) Vir energije 5 V via MicroUSB or GPIO header Velikost , not including protruding connectors , same as HAT board , not including protruding connectors Teža Priključki Micro-USB cable or a serial cable with optional GPIO power connector Generacija 1 1 + 1 1 + 2 2 ver 1.2 3 1 3 3 lite PCB ver 1.2 PCB ver 1.3 W (Wireless) Tip Model A Model B Compute Module* Zero
General purpose input-output (GPIO) priključek Raspberry Pi 1 A+ B+, Raspberry Pi 2 B, Raspberry Pi 3 B in Raspberry Pi Zero (in Zero W) imajo 40 GPIO priključkov.http://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/schematics/Raspberry-Pi-B-Plus-V1.2-Schematics.pdfhttps://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/schematics/RPI-3B-V1_2-SCHEMATIC-REDUCED.pdf Modela A in B imata samo 26 priključkov.https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/schematics/Raspberry-Pi-Rev-1.0-Model-AB-Schematics.pdfhttps://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/schematics/Raspberry-Pi-Rev-2.0-Model-AB-Schematics.pdfhttps://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/schematics/Raspberry-Pi-Rev-2.1-Model-AB-Schematics.pdf GPIO# 2. funkcija Pin# Pin# 2. funkcija GPIO# +3.3 V 1 2 +5 V 2 SDA1 (I²C) 3 4 +5 V 3 SCL1 (I²C) 5 6 GND 4 GCLK 7 8 TXD0 (UART) 14 GND 910 RXD0 (UART) 15 17 GEN01112 GEN1 18 27 GEN21314 GND 22 GEN31516 GEN4 23 +3.3 V1718 GEN5 24 10 MOSI (SPI)1920 GND 9 MISO (SPI)2122 GEN6 25 11 SCLK (SPI)2324 CE0_N (SPI) 8 GND2526 CE1_N (SPI) 7 (Raspberry Pi 1 A in B se tukaj končata) EEPROM ID_SD2728 ID_SC EEPROM 5 N/A2930 GND 6 N/A3132 12 13 N/A3334 GND 19 N/A3536 N/A 16 26 N/A3738 Digital IN 20 GND3940 Digital OUT 21 Model B rev. 2 ima 8 dodatnih priključkov, ki ponujajo dostop do dodatnih 4. GPIO povezav.http://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/schematics/Raspberry-Pi-Rev-2.1-Model-AB-Schematics.pdf
Funkcija 2. funkcija Pin# Pin# 2. funkcija Funkcija N/A +5 V 1 2 +3.3 V N/A GPIO28 GPIO_GEN734 GPIO_GEN8 GPIO29 GPIO30 GPIO_GEN956 GPIO_GEN10 GPIO31 N/A GND 7 8 GND N/A
Programska oprema
Operacijski sistemi sličica|Operacijski sistemi za Raspberry Pi se namestijo preko MicroSD kartice Reža za njo se nahaja na spodnjem delu računalnika. Na Raspberry Pi se uporablja predvsem Raspbian, različica sistema Debian osnovi Linux operacijskega sistema. Drugi operacijski sistemi, ki so na voljo prek uradne spletne strani so Ubuntu MATE, Snappy Ubuntu Core, Windows 10 IoT Core, RISC OS in specializiranih distribucij Kodi media centra.
Na računalniku Raspberry Pi lahko zaženete tudi mnoge druge operacijske sisteme.
Drugi operacijski sistemi (ne temeljijo na Linux) RISC OS Pi FreeBSD NetBSD Plan 9 iz Bell Labs in Inferno (beta) Windows 10 IoT Core – brezplačna izdaja Windows 10 za IoT (internet stvari), ki jih ponuja Microsoft, ki teče le na Raspberry Pi 2 in 3. xv6 Haiku – je odprtokoden BeOS klon za Raspberry Pi. Podprta sta le Raspberry Pi 2 in 3. HelenOS – prenosni multiserver operacijski sistem. Ima osnovno Raspberry Pi podporo od različice 0.6.0 Genode OS Okvir – podpira Raspberry Pi platformo z različico 13.05
Drugi operacijski sistemi (temeljijo na Linux) Xbian – uporablja Kodi (včasih XBMC) odprtokoden digitalni media center openSUSE Raspberry Pi Fedora Remix Pidora, druga Fedora predelava optimizirana za Raspberry Pi Gentoo Linux Diet Pi, vključuje različne vrste strežnikov CentOS za Raspberry Pi 2 ali več RedSleeve za Raspberry Pi 1 Slackware ARM – version 13.37 and later runs on the Raspberry Pi without modification. The 128–496 MB of available memory on the Raspberry Pi is at least twice the minimum requirement of 64 MB needed to run Slackware Linux on an ARM or i386 system. (Whereas the majority of Linux systems boot into a graphical user interface, Slackware's default user environment is the textual shell / command line interface.) The Fluxbox window manager running under the X Window System requires an additional 48 MB of RAM. Moebius – is a light ARM HF distribution based on Debian. It uses Raspbian repository, but it fits in a 128 MB SD card. It has only minimal services and its memory use is optimized to be small. OpenWrt – is primarily used on embedded devices to route network traffic. Kali Linux – is a Debian-derived distro designed for digital forensics and penetration testing. Pardus ARM – is a Debian-based operating system which is the light version of the Pardus (operating system). Instant WebKiosk – is an operating system for digital signage purposes (web and media views). Ark OS – is designed for website and email self-hosting. ROKOS – is a Raspbian-based operating system with integrated clients for the Bitcoin and OKCash cryptocurrencies. MinePeon – is a dedicated operating system for mining cryptocurrency. Kano OS Nard SDK – is a software development kit (SDK) for industrial embedded systems. Sailfish OS with Raspberry Pi 2 (due to use ARM Cortex-A7 CPU; Raspberry Pi 1 uses different ARMv6 architecture and Sailfish requires ARMv7.) Tiny Core Linux – a minimal Linux operating system focused on providing a base system using BusyBox and FLTK. Designed to run primarily in RAM. IPFire – is a dedicated firewall/router distribution for the protection of a SOHO LAN; runs only on a Raspberry Pi 1; porting to the Raspberry Pi 2 is not planned for now. Alpine Linux – is a Linux distribution based on musl and BusyBox, primarily designed for "power users who appreciate security, simplicity and resource efficiency". Void Linux – a rolling release Linux distribution which was designed and implemented from scratch, provides images based on musl or glibc. Tingbot OS – temelji na Raspbian, oblikovan kot Tingbot dodatek in za zaganjanje Tide aplikacij. WTware for Raspberry Pi za Raspberry Pi 2 in 3. Fedora 25 – podpira Raspberry Pi 2 in več Media center operacijski sistemi: OpenELEC, LibreELEC, Xbian, Rasplex Audio operacijski sistemi : Volumio, Pimusicbox, Runeaudio, moOdeaudio Retrogaming operacijski sistemi: Retropie, Recalbox, Happi Game Center, Lakka, ChameleonPi, Piplay
Zunanje povezave (v angleščini)
Kategorija:Mikrokrmilniki