Sardele ili inćuni su male, široko zastupljene krmne riba iz porodice -{Engraulidae}-. Većina vrsta se nalazi u morskim vodama, nekoliko njih ulazi u braktičnu vodu, a neke vrste u Južnoj Americi su ograničene na slatku vodu
Postoji više od 140 vrsta koje su grupisane u 17 rodova. One su prisutne u Atlantskom, Indijskom i Tihom okeanu, kao i u Crnom moru i Sredozemnom moru. Sardele se obično klasifikuju kao uljaste ribe.
Sistematika Rodovi Rodovi familije -{Engraulidae}- Rodovi Vrste Komentar Rodovi Vrste Komentar -{Amazonsprattus}- 1 -{Anchoa}- 35 -{Anchovia}- 3 -{Anchoviella}- 4 -{Cetengraulis}- 2 -{Coilia}- 13 -{Encrasicholina}- 5 -{Engraulis}- 9 Tipski rod sardela: Ovaj rod sadrži sve komercijalno značajne sardele -{Jurengraulis}- 1 -{Lycengraulis}- 4 -{Lycothrissa}- 1 -{Papuengraulis}- 1 -{Pseudosetipinna}- 1 -{Pterengraulis}- 1 -{Setipinna}- 8 -{Stolephorus}- 20 -{Thryssa}- 24
Vrste
-{Amazonsprattus scintilla Roberts, 1984}- -{Anchoa analis (Miller, 1945)}- -{Anchoa argentivittata (Regan, 1904)}- -{Anchoa belizensis (Thomerson and Greenfield, 1975)}- -{Anchoa cayorum (Fowler, 1906)}- -{Anchoa chamensis Hildebrand, 1943}- -{Anchoa choerostoma (Goode, 1874)}- -{Anchoa colonensis Hildebrand, 1943}- -{Anchoa compressa (Girard, 1858)}- -{Anchoa cubana (Poey, 1868)}- -{Anchoa curta (Jordan and Gilbert, 1882)}- -{Anchoa delicatissima (Girard, 1854)}- -{Anchoa eigenmannia (Meek and Hildebrand, 1923)}- -{Anchoa exigua (Jordan and Gilbert, 1882)}- -{Anchoa filifera (Fowler, 1915)}- -{Anchoa helleri (Hubbs, 1921)}- -{Anchoa hepsetus (Linnaeus, 1758)}- -{Anchoa ischana (Jordan and Gilbert, 1882)}- -{Anchoa januaria (Steindachner, 1879)}- -{Anchoa lamprotaenia Hildebrand, 1943}- -{Anchoa lucida (Jordan and Gilbert, 1882)}- -{Anchoa lyolepis (Evermann and Marsh, 1900)}- -{Anchoa marinii Hildebrand, 1943}- -{Anchoa mitchilli (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848)}- -{Anchoa mundeola (Gilbert and Pierson in Jordan and Evermann, 1898)}- -{Anchoa mundeoloides (Breder, 1928)}- -{Anchoa nasus (Kner and Steindachner, 1867)}- -{Anchoa panamensis (Steindachner, 1877)}- -{Anchoa parva (Meek and Hildebrand, 1923)}- -{Anchoa pectoralis Hildebrand, 1943}- -{Anchoa scofieldi (Jordan and Culver in Jordan, 1895)}- -{Anchoa spinifer (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848)}- -{Anchoa starksi (Gilbert and Pierson in Jordan and Evermann, 1898)}- -{Anchoa tricolor (Spix and Agassiz, 1829)}- -{Anchoa trinitatis (Fowler, 1915)}- -{Anchoa walkeri Baldwin and Chang, 1970}- -{Anchovia clupeoides (Swainson, 1839)}- -{Anchovia macrolepidota (Kner, 1863)}- -{Anchovia surinamensis (Bleeker, 1866)}- -{Anchoviella alleni (Myers, 1940)}- -{Anchoviella balboae (Jordan and Seale, 1926)}- -{Anchoviella blackburni Hildebrand, 1943}- -{Anchoviella brevirostris (Günther, 1868)}- -{Anchoviella carrikeri Fowler, 1940}- -{Anchoviella cayennensis (Puyo, 1946)}- -{Anchoviella elongata (Meek and Hildebrand, 1923)}- -{Anchoviella guianensis (Eigenmann, 1912)}- -{Anchoviella jamesi (Jordan and Seale, 1926)}- -{Anchoviella lepidentostole (Fowler, 1911)}- -{Anchoviella manamensis Cervigón, 1982}- -{Anchoviella nattereri (Steindachner, 1879)}- -{Anchoviella perezi Cervigón, 1987}- -{Anchoviella perfasciata (Poey, 1860)}- -{Anchoviella shantungensis Li, 1978}- -{Anchoviella vaillanti (Steindachner, 1908)}- -{Cetengraulis edentulus (Cuvier, 1829)}- -{Cetengraulis mysticetus (Günther, 1867)}- -{Coilia borneensis Bleeker, 1852}- -{Coilia brachygnathus Kreyenberg and Pappenheim, 1908}- -{Coilia coomansi Hardenberg, 1934}- -{Coilia dussumieri Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848}- -{Coilia grayii Richardson, 1845}- -{Coilia lindmani Bleeker, 1858}- -{Coilia macrognathos Bleeker, 1852}- -{Coilia mystus (Linnaeus, 1758)}- -{Coilia nasus Temminck and Schlegel, 1846}- -{Coilia neglecta Whitehead, 1967}- -{Coilia ramcarati (Hamilton, 1822)}- -{Coilia rebentischii Bleeker, 1858}- -{Coilia reynaldi Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848}- -{Encrasicholina devisi (Whitley, 1940)}- -{Encrasicholina heteroloba (Rüppell, 1837)}- -{Encrasicholina oligobranchus (Wongratana, 1983)}- -{Encrasicholina punctifer Fowler, 1938}- -{Encrasicholina purpurea (Fowler, 1900)}- -{Engraulis anchoita Hubbs and Marini in Marini, 1935}- -{Engraulis australis (White, 1790)}- -{Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758)}- -{Engraulis eurystole (Swain and Meek, 1884)}- -{Engraulis japonicus Temminck and Schlegel, 1846}- -{Engraulis mordax Girard, 1854}- -{Engraulis ringens Jenyns, 1842}- -{Jurengraulis juruensis (Boulenger, 1898)}- -{Lycengraulis batesii (Günther, 1868)}- -{Lycengraulis grossidens (Agassiz in Spix and Agassiz, 1829)}- -{Lycengraulis limnichthys Schultz, 1949}- -{Lycengraulis poeyi (Kner, 1863)}- -{Lycothrissa crocodilus (Bleeker, 1851)}- -{Papuengraulis micropinna Munro, 1964}- -{Pseudosetipinna haizhouensis Peng and Zhao, 1988}- -{Pterengraulis atherinoides (Linnaeus, 1766)}- -{Setipinna breviceps (Cantor, 1849)}- -{Setipinna brevifilis (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848)}- -{Setipinna melanochir (Bleeker, 1849)}- -{Setipinna paxtoni Wongratana, 1987}- -{Setipinna phasa (Hamilton, 1822)}- -{Setipinna taty (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848)}- -{Setipinna tenuifilis (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848)}- -{Setipinna wheeleri Wongratana, 1983}- -{Stolephorus advenus Wongratana, 1987}- -{Stolephorus andhraensis Babu Rao, 1966}- -{Stolephorus apiensis (Jordan and Seale, 1906)}- -{Stolephorus baganensis Hardenberg, 1933}- -{Stolephorus brachycephalus Wongratana, 1983}- -{Stolephorus carpentariae (De Vis, 1882)}- -{Stolephorus chinensis (Günther, 1880)}- -{Stolephorus commersonnii Lacepède, 1803}- -{Stolephorus dubiosus Wongratana, 1983}- -{Stolephorus holodon (Boulenger, 1900)}- -{Stolephorus indicus (van Hasselt, 1823)}- -{Stolephorus insularis Hardenberg, 1933}- -{Stolephorus multibranchus Wongratana, 1987}- -{Stolephorus nelsoni Wongratana, 1987}- -{Stolephorus pacificus Baldwin, 1984}- -{Stolephorus ronquilloi Wongratana, 1983}- -{Stolephorus tri (Bleeker, 1852)}- -{Stolephorus waitei Jordan and Seale, 1926}- -{Thryssa adelae (Rutter, 1897)}- -{Thryssa aestuaria (Ogilby, 1910)}- -{Thryssa baelama (Forsskål, 1775)}- -{Thryssa brevicauda Roberts, 1978}- -{Thryssa chefuensis (Günther, 1874)}- -{Thryssa dayi Wongratana, 1983}- -{Thryssa dussumieri (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848)}- -{Thryssa encrasicholoides (Bleeker, 1852)}- -{Thryssa gautamiensis Babu Rao, 1971}- -{Thryssa hamiltonii Gray, 1835}- -{Thryssa kammalensis (Bleeker, 1849)}- -{Thryssa kammalensoides Wongratana, 1983}- -{Thryssa malabarica (Bloch, 1795)}- -{Thryssa marasriae Wongratana, 1987}- -{Thryssa mystax (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)}- -{Thryssa polybranchialis Wongratana, 1983}- -{Thryssa purava (Hamilton, 1822)}- -{Thryssa rastrosa Roberts, 1978}- -{Thryssa scratchleyi (Ramsay and Ogilby, 1886)}- -{Thryssa setirostris (Broussonet, 1782)}- -{Thryssa spinidens (Jordan and Seale, 1925)}- -{Thryssa stenosoma Wongratana, 1983}- -{Thryssa vitrirostris (Gilchrist and Thompson, 1908)}- -{Thryssa whiteheadi Wongratana, 1983}-
Ekologija
Sardele su značajan izvor hrane za skoro sve predatorske ribe u svom okruženju, uključujući kalifornijske iverke, prugaste grgeče, žutorepe, ajkule, kralske losose, i -{Oncorhynchus kisutch}-. One su isto tako ekstremno važne za morske sisare i ptice; na primer, uspeh uzgoja of kalifornijskih smeđih pelikana i elegantnih čigri snažno je povezan s obiljem inćuna.
Vidi još Sardine
Reference
Literatura
Chavez FP, Ryan J, Lluch-Cota SE and Ñiquen CM (2003) From Anchovies to Sardines and Back: Multidecadal Change in the Pacific Ocean Science 229(5604)217–221.
Miller DJ (1956) "Anchovy" CalCOFI Reports, 5: 20–26. Nizinski MS and Munroe TA (1988) FAO species catalogue, volume 2: Clupeoid Fishes of the World, Pages 764–780, FAO Fisheries Synopsis 125, Rome. . Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission Northern Anchovy
Spoljašnje veze
-{"Fisheries Ebb and Flow in 50-Year Cycle" by Cameron Walker, National Geographic News (January 9, 2003).}-