U istorijskom kontekstu, novi imperijalizam karakteriše period kolonijalne ekspanzije evropskih sila, Sjedinjenih Država i Japana tokom kraja 19. i početka 20. veka. Tokom ovog razdoblja je došlo do neviđene potrage za prekomorskim teritorijalnim akvizicijama. U to vreme su se države fokusirale na izgradnju svojih carstava novim tehnološkim napretkom i razvojem, te na proširivanje svoje teritorije osvajanjem i iskorištavanje resursa potčinjenih država. Tokom ere novog imperijalizma, zapadne sile (i Japan) pojedinačno su osvojile gotovo celu Afriku i delove Azije. Novi talas imperijalizma odražavao je stalna rivalstva velikih sila, ekonomsku želju za novim resursima i tržištima i etos „civilizacijske misije”. Mnoge kolonije uspostavljene tokom ove ere stekle su nezavisnost u doba dekolonizacije koja je usledila posle Drugog svetskog rata.
Kvalifikator „novo” koristi se za razlikovanje modernog imperijalizma od ranijih imperijalnih aktivnosti, poput takozvanog prvog talasa evropske kolonizacije između 1402. i 1815. U prvom talasu kolonizacije evropske sile su osvojile i kolonizovale Ameriku i Sibir; kasnije su osnovali više ispostava u Africi i Aziji.
Uspon thumb|250px|alt= Uljana slika delegata na Bečkom kongresu.|Bečki kongres na slici Žan-Batiste Izabeja (1819). Kongres je zapravo bio serija sastanaka licem u lice između kolonijalnih sila. Služio je za podelu i ponovno prisvajanje carskih poseda.
Američki revolucionarni rat (1775–83) i kolaps Španskog carstva u Latinskoj Americi 1820-ih okončali su prvu eru evropskog imperijalizma. Posebno u Velikoj Britaniji ove revolucije su pomogle da se pokažu nedostaci merkantilizma, doktrine ekonomske konkurencije za ograničeno bogatstvo koja je podržavala raniju imperijsku ekspanziju. Godine 1846, Zakoni o kukuruzu su ukinuti i proizvođači su rasli, pošto su propisi nametnuti Zakonima o kukuruzu usporili njihovo poslovanje. Sa ukidanjem, proizvođači su mogli slobodnije da trguju. Tako je Britanija počela da usvaja koncept slobodne trgovine.
Tokom ovog perioda, između Bečkog kongresa 1815. nakon poraza Napoleonove Francuske i pobede carske Nemačke u Francusko-pruskom ratu 1871. godine, Velika Britanija je požnjela prednosti svoje dominantne vojne i ekonomske sile u Evropi. Kao „svetska radionica“, Britanija je mogla da proizvodi gotovu robu tako efikasno da je obično mogla da proda uporedivu, lokalno proizvedenu robu na stranim tržištima, snabdevajući veliki deo proizvedene robe koju konzumiraju takve nacije kao što su nemačke države, Francuska, Belgija, i Sjedinjenih Država.
Erozija britanske hegemonije nakon Francusko-pruskog rata, u kojoj je koalicija nemačkih država predvođena Pruskom snažno porazila Drugo francusko carstvo, bila je izazvana promenama u evropskoj i svetskoj ekonomiji i u kontinentalnom odnosu snaga nakon sloma Evropskog koncerta, ustanovljenog od strane Bečkog kongresa. Osnivanje nacionalnih država u Nemačkoj i Italiji rešilo je teritorijalna pitanja zbog kojih su potencijalni rivali bili upleteni u unutrašnje stvari u srcu Evrope u korist Britanije. Godine od 1871. do 1914. bile su obeležene krajnje nestabilnim mirom. Odlučnost Francuske da povrati Alzas-Lorenu, koju je aneksirala Nemačka kao rezultat Francusko-pruskog rata, i rastuće imperijalističke ambicije Nemačke će ove dve nacije održavati u stalnom stanju spremnosti za sukob.
Ova konkurencija je zaoštrena dugom depresijom 1873–1896, produženim periodom deflacije cena isprekidanim ozbiljnim padom poslovanja, koji je izvršio pritisak na vlade da promovišu domaću industriju, što je dovelo do široko rasprostranjenog napuštanja slobodne trgovine među evropskim silama (u Nemačkoj od 1879. i u Francuskoj od 1881).., (London: Longman), pp. 118ff.
Reference
Literatura
New Cambridge Modern History (13 vol 1957–1979), old but thorough coverage, mostly of Europe; strong on diplomacy
Craig, Gordon. "The System of Alliances and the Balance of Power." in J.P.T. Bury, ed. The New Cambridge Modern History, : The Zenith of European Power, 1830–70 (1960) pp. 246–73. . H. C. Darby and H. Fullard The New Cambridge Modern History, : Atlas (1972)
Mowat, C. L., ed. . 297 pp. On the role of neutrality online review Albrecht-Carrié, René. . highly detailed summary prepared for use by the American delegation to the Paris peace conference of 1919. . brief overview 216pp . Focus on how diplomats are organized Bridge, F. R. & Roger Bullen. The Great Powers and the European States System 1814–1914, 2nd Ed. Dupuy, R. Ernest and Trevor N. Dupuy. . 934pp. . (Short Oxford History of the Modern World) 544 pp excerpt and text search .
. online. , stress on economic and military factors . 940 pp; not a memoir but an interpretive history of international diplomacy since the late 18th century. (1973); highly detailed outline of events.
. ch 10–14
. detailed summary .
. comprehensive survey . 920 pp; advanced history and analysis of major diplomacy
. 216 pp; brief overview of diplomatic history . basic summary; 425 pp Taylor, A.J.P. The Struggle for Mastery in Europe 1848–1918 (1954) 638pp; advanced history and analysis of major diplomacy. Taylor, A.J.P. "International Relations" in F.H. Hinsley, ed., The New Cambridge Modern History: XI: Material Progress and World-Wide Problems, 1870–98 (1962): 542–66. . . Online )
.
. . ; also. (2 vols. 1930). Gooch, G.P. History of modern Europe, 1878–1919 (2nd ed. 1956) pp. 386–413. . diplomatic history (vol 1 1936) . long chapters on Britain's Landsdowne; France's Théophile Delcassé; Germany's Bernhard von Bülow pp. 187–284; Russia's Alexander Izvolsky 285–365; and Austria' Aehrenthal pp. 366–438. . 38 topics essays by scholars . 3rd ed.
. ; . . textbook, 125 pp excerpt
. . . on public opinion covers 1871 to 1914, 438 pp
(11 vol.) The end of British isolation – v.2. From the occupation of Kiao-Chau to the making of the Anglo-French entente Dec. 1897–Apr. 1904 –V.3. The testing of the Entente, 1904–6 – v.4. The Anglo-Russian rapprochement, 1903–7 – v.5. The Near East, 1903–9 – v.6. Anglo-German tension. Armaments and negotiation, 1907–12 – v. 7. The Agadir crisis – v. 8. Arbitration, neutrality and security – v. 9. The Balkan wars, pt. 1-2 – v.10, pt.1. The Near and Middle East on the eve of war. pt. 2. The last years of peace—v.11. The outbreak of war V.3. The testing of the Entente, 1904–6 -- v.4. The Anglo-Russian rapprochement, 1903–7 -- v.5. The Near East, 1903–9 -- v.6. Anglo-German tension. Armaments and negotiation, 1907–12—v.7. The Agadir crisis—v.8. Arbitration, neutrality and security—v.9. The Balkan wars, pt.1-2 -- v.10, pt.1. The Near and Middle East on the eve of war. pt.2. The last years of peace—v.11. The outbreak of war.
(vol 3, 1972), pp. 423–759 . 592pp; . thorough scholarly coverage . .
. 206pp; basic survey ; also published as
. . (2 vol., 2007)
Moon, Parker T. Imperialism and world politics ; 583pp; Wide-ranging historical survey. . (2 vol)
Stuchtey, Benedikt, ed. , European History Online, Mainz: Institute of European History, . 922pp; worldwide coverage; Bartlett, C.J. Defence and Diplomacy: Britain and the Great Powers 1815–1914 (1993) brief survey, 160pp
Chamberlain, Muriel E. Pax Britannica?: British Foreign Policy 1789–1914 (1989) . 528pp
. Lowe, C.J. The reluctant imperialists: British foreign policy, 1878–1902 (1969) 257pp plus 150 pp of documents Lowe, C.J. and M. L. Dockrill. Mirage of Power: British Foreign Policy 1902–14 (v 1, 1972); Mirage of Power: British Foreign Policy 1914–22 (v. 2, 1972); analytic history
(Palgrave Macmillan; 2011) 345 pages
. . Seton-Watson, R.W. Britain in Europe (1789–1914): A Survey of Foreign Policy (1937) online .
(3 vol, 1921–23), old detailed classic; vol 1, 1783–1815 ; vol 2, 1815–1866; vol 3. 1866–1919 .
; 350pp . (4 vol) (A&C Black, 2014).
. . (2 vol) (The Cambridge History of Modern France) (2001); 261pp; topical approach emphasizing national security, intelligence & relations with major powers
(The Cambridge History of Modern France)
.
. . online
. a major scholarly survey (1999) 341pp; (4 vol 1928–1931), in English translation.
. ; argues Germany had a growing sense of military superiority (1959–64); vol 1: The Reformation; vol 2: 1648–1840; vol 3: 1840–1945; standard scholarly survey
. . 833pp; focus on politics and diplomacy. . 110 short excerpts from, primary sources covering his diplomatic career. . .
. full text online, a brief textbook by a leading scholar
. a major scholarly survey . most recent scholarly biography
Taylor, A.J.P. The Course of German History: A Survey of the Development of German History since 1815. (2001). 280pp.
. summary histories by scholars.
. was A Century of Russian Foreign Policy 1814–1914 (1964)
.
. . online review
(1958), major scholarly history.
Andrei Zayonchkovski Подготовка России к мировой войне в международном отношении; Штаб РККА, Упр. по исслед. и использованию опыта войн; Предисл. и под ред. М. П. Павловича. — [Л.]: Ленинград: Воен. тип. Упр. делами Наркомвоенмор и РВС СССР, 1926. — 398 с. . 2 ,300 annotated entries evaluate every major book and scholarly article.
. 1400 pages . 3 vol , 2200 pp. 120 long articles by specialists. Online . . . 700pp; 1200 short articles. (Oxford History of the United States) , 1056pp, general survey . essays on main topics
(1994) university textbook; 884pp . 2 ), university textbook . . The USA borrowed money in Paris.
Hsü, Immanuel C.Y. China's Entrance into the Family of Nations: The Diplomatic Phase, 1858–1880 (1960)
. first of five topical volumes also covering social, economic and military relations between Japan and Great Britain. . coverage to 1859. ; The international relations of the Chinese empire vol 2 1861–1893. . The international relations of the Chinese empire vol 3 1894–1916. .
. scholarly coverage
. 375 pp. Lowe, C. J. and F. Marzari. Italian Foreign Policy, 1870–1940 (2001) (Oxford University Press, 1970.) pp. 195–504 are 147 selected documents (1927) . strong on foreign policy
. 475 pp detailed summaries of memoirs from all the major belligerents. . 390 pp of documents
. pp. 1–385; 200 short documents (1967), 140 documents 1878–1902. (American edition 1969 vol 1 and 2 bound together). . 191 documents.
Spoljašnje veze
-{J.A. Hobson's Imperialism: A Study: A Centennial Retrospective by Professor Peter Cain}- -{Extensive information on the British Empire}-
-{ (an article comparing contemporary defense policy with those of New Imperialism (1870–1914)}- -{The Martian Chronicles: History Behind the Chronicles New Imperialism 1870-1914}- -{1- Coyne, Christopher J. and Steve Davies. Wayback Machine]}-
-{ (a course syllabus)}- -{в -{2- Coyne, Christopher J. and Steve Davies. Wayback Machine]}-
Категорија:Империјализам Категорија:Историја САД (1865–1918) Категорија:Нови век